Molecular Detection of Sea Gene and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Food Handlers in Kirkuk City, Iraq

Authors

  • Shatha A. Khalaf Department of Biology, College of Education for pure science, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq
  • Najdat B. Mahdi Department of Biology, College of Education for pure science, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq
  • Abdul K. M. Ismail Ministry of Health, Public Health Laboratory, Kirkuk City, Iraq

Abstract

Asymptomatic carriers of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus are potential source of food poisoning. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with S. aureus nasal carriage among food handlers in Kirkuk city, Iraq. A total of 500 nasal swab samples were collected and analyzed using standard conventional methods of microbial analysis in isolation and identification of S. aureus including, culturing on selective media (mannitol salt agar); also blood agar medium was used to detect ẞ hemolysin toxin, catalase, coagulase, and DNase tests were used. Staphaurex Plus test was used to detect protein A and clumping factor. Also RapID TM STAPH PLUS System was used to complete the diagnosis of S. aureus isolates. Penicillin-Binding Protein (PBP2a) Latex Agglutination test was also used to investigate the presence of penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a). Twelve antibiotics were used to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The results showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among food handlers was 87 (17.4%) and 82% of them were harbored sea gene which encodes enterotoxin type A that detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using specific primer. Virulence factors (protein A, coagulase, DNase, ẞ hemolysin rates were (100%, 100%, 100%, 65.5%) respectively. Free coagulase production by using the tube method was measured in different periods (2, 4, 6, and 24 hours) to indicate the degree of severity of S. aureus strains and the results were (50%, 34%, 0% and 16%). 100% of the isolates had PBP2a. The isolates showed high resistance to Oxacillin (98.8%) used in this study as a preliminary test to detect methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Double disc diffusion test was performed to detect (MS), inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) and constitutive MLSB (cMLSB) and the results were (16%), (14.9%) and (9.1%), respectively.

Keywords:

Food poisoning, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Sea gene, Staphylococcus aureus

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Published

2021-09-11
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Issue

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): Volume 12,Issue3

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Articles