Anti-bacterial Activity of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) against Some Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Human Mouth
Abstract
Background: Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a non-ionic linear hydrophilic and uncrosslinked polymer available in several molecular weights. It is synthesized by ethylene oxide and has many desirable properties for drug delivery applications and antimicrobial. Materials and Methods: In the present study, polyethylene oxide (PEO) with different concentrations (80, 40, 20, 10 µg/mL) investigates their anti-bacterial activity against two pathogenic bacteria from gram-positive Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli and Enterobacter bugandensis. The antimicrobial activity of PEO was examined by disk diffusion assay also, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each isolate is determined. Results: The PEO shows powerful broad-spectrum anti-bacterial activity against tested bacteria with an increase in inhibition zone diameter that is directly proportional with the increase in PEO concentration that even exceeded the activity of selected antibiotics. The MIC of PEO ranged from 10 to 20 µg/mL, and the MBC ranged from 20 to 80 µg/mL. Other studies show that PEO strongly attached to the bacterial cells contributed to their inhibitory effect on bacterial growth formation and invasion. Conclusion: The PEO with a suitable concentration are reduced bacterial growth significantly. It is highly recommended to use PEO as an economical alternative anti-bacterial agent, especially in treating ectopic infections without taking the risk of developing resistant bacterial strains as with antibiotics.Keywords:
Anti-bacterial activity, MIC, Polyethylene oxide (PEO)References
1. Rogers A. Molecular Oral Microbiology. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press. 2008.
2. Wang QQ, Zhang CF, Chu CH, Zhu and XF. Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of teeth associated with apical periodontitis. Int. J. Oral Sci. 2012;4:19-23.
3. Cvitkovitch DG, Li YH, and Ellen RP. Quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Streptococcal infections. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 112:1626-1632.
4. Jack RW, Tagg JR, Ray B. Bacteriocins of grampositive bacteria. Microbiol. Rev. 1995;59:171-200.
5. Tagg JR, Dajani AS, Wannamaker LW. Bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev. 1976; 40:722-756.
6. Hossain MS, and Biswas I. SMU152 acts as an immunity protein for mutacin IV. J. Bacteriol. 2012;194: 3486-3494.
7. Weerkam PA, Bongaerts-Larik L, and Vogels GD. Bacteriocins as factors in the in vitro interaction between oral streptococci in plaque. Infect. Immun. 1977; 16:773-780.
8. Gueugnon F, Denis I, Pouliquen D, Collette F, Delatouche R, Héroguez V, Grégoire M, Bertrand P, Blanquart C. Nanoparticles Produced by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Using Norbornenyl-poly(ethylene oxide) as a Ligand-Free Generic Platform for Highly Selective In Vivo Tumor Targeting. Biomacromolecules. 2013;14:2396-2402.
9. Xue Z, He D, Xie X. Poly(ethylene oxide)-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2015;3:19218-19253.
10. Quémener D, Chemtob A, Héroguez V, Gnanou Y. Synthesis of latex particles by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Polymer.2005;46:1067-1075.
11. Bates CM, Chang AB, Momcîilovic N, Jones SC, Grubbs RH. ABA Triblock Brush Polymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Conductivity, and Rheological Properties. Macromolecules 2015, 48, 4967-4973.
12. Neugebauer D. Graft copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) segments. Polym. Int. 2007;56:1469-1498.
13. Gao AX, Liao L, Johnson JA. Synthesis of acid-labile PEG and PEG-doxorubicin-conjugate nanoparticles via Brush-First ROMP. ACS Macro. Lett. 2014;3:854-857.
14. Zhou H, Schön EM, Wang M, Glassman MJ, Liu J, Zhong M, Díaz DD, Olsen BD, Johnson JA. Crossover experiments applied to network formation reactions: Improved strategies for counting elastically inactive molecular defects in PEG gels and hyperbranched polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014;136:9464-9470.
15. Yaqo, EA, Anaee, RA, Abdulmajeed, MH, Tomi, IHR, Kadhim, MM; Electrochemical, morphological and theoretical studies of an oxadiazole derivative as an anti-corrosive agent for kerosene reservoirs in Iraqi refineries ; Chemical Papers, (2020) 74 (6);1739-1757.
16. Al-Jbouri, AMS., Abood, FM, Hindi, NKK, Alkaim, AF; Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the aquatic extract against bacterial isolates from periodontitis in Babylon Province, Iraq. Biochemical and Cellular Archives, (2018) 18; 1345-1350.
17. Al-Duhaidahawi, DL, Jabir, MS, Al-Amiery, AA, Moneim, AEA, Alkaim, AF, Kadhum, AAH; Novel antioxidants compounds derived from isatine Biochemical and Cellular Archives, (2018)18 (1); 709-713.
18. Radder AM, Leenders H, van Blitterswijk CA. Application of porous PEO/PBT copolymers for bone replacement. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1996;30:341-351.
19. Gasteier P, Reska A, Shult P, Salber J, Offenhäusse A, Moeller M, Groll J. Surface grafting of PEO-based star-shaped molecules foe bioanalytical and biomedical applications. Ma c romol. Bios ci. 20 07;7:1010 -1023.
20. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-First Informational, Supplement. CLSI Document M02-A10 and M07-A8. Texas: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2012;3:22-44.
21. CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 26th ed. CLSI Supplement M100S. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2006;22-45.
22. Kim SC, Lee DK. Preparation of TiO2-coated hollowglass beads and their application to the control of algalgrowth in eutrophic water. Microchem J.2005;80:227-232.
23. Zhang H, Chen G. Potent anti-bacterial activities of Ag/ TiO2 nanocomposites powders synthesized by a one-potsol-gel method. Environ Sci Technol.2009;34:2905-2910.
24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-First Informational, Supplement. CLSI Document M02-A10 and M07-A8. Texas: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2012;3:5678
25. Vargas KF, Borghetti RL, Moure SP, Salum FG, Cherubini K, Figueiredo MAZ. Use of polymethylmethacrylate as permanent filling agent in the jaw, mouth and face regions--implications for dental practice. Gerodontology. 2012;29:e16-e22. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00479.
Published
Abstract Display: 0 
PDF Downloads: 0 
