Removal of Safranine-O Dye from Aqueous Solution using Prepared Activated Carbon from Apple Seed Coat: Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Isothermal Studies
Abstract
In this study, to prepare the activated carbon, the shell of apple seeds was used to get rid of the dye safranine-O present in the wastewater. Several important factors were studied, including equilibrium time, pH solution, temperature, dye concentration, and weight of activated carbon, where it was observed that the percentage of removal increases with increasing weight of the surface AC and decreases with increasing dye concentration. Also, the percentage of removal increases with the increase in the equilibrium time, and the temperature has a very important effect on the adsorption process, as it was observed that with the increase in temperature, the percentage of removal of dye increased. The adsorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm. The Langmuir isotherm was found to give the best efficiency compared to the Freundlich isotherm. Where the best adsorption efficiency at different temperatures was (291, 300, 309 K) 27.55, 33.33, 36.66 mg/g, in the same order. The adsorption kinetics of safranine-O dye was also studied using first-order reaction and second-order reaction. Kinetic studies have shown that the reaction obeys a second-order reaction. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated including (AG°), (ΔΗ°), and (AS°) changes, to predict the nature of adsorption. The estimated values for AG° were -1.75, -2.58, and -2.95 kJ/mol at 291, 300, and 309 K, at the same order.Keywords:
Activated carbon, Adsorption capacity, Apple seed coat, Safranine-OReferences
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